The Socio-Cultural Impact on Love, Marriage, and Kinship

Carine Garcon ANT 3212 Wayne A. Abrahamson Spring 2013 The Socio-Cultural Impact on Love, Marriage, and Kinship One’s perspective of the world is consistently altered by our surroundings and influenced by the events that take place. In the past approximately 50 years divorce rates have risen a significant incredibly high. Many researchers have associated this phenomena the contemporary society marriage symbolizes and values. This idea and representation of love have conversely affected and impacted relationships. Thus, the topic that will be investigated is how society and cultural has affected our notion of love, marriage, and kinship. One of the ways society has impacted the notion of marriage is that fact that the government†¦show more content†¦In the journal, On A Paradox Of Christian Love Liu exclaimed that these two commandments direct ones love to distinct objects. (Liu 2007:681) The commandments were placed in a certain order as â€Å"first† and â€Å"second† to illustrate importance and respect. By putting these commandments in an order it is assumed that the one must achieve a spiritual love with everything in your body and mind, and only after can you love can love someone else (neighbor). The bible has influenced a large amount of the Western society and culture. From a biblical stand point you cannot love anyone else unless your love is rooted with a divine spirit. I believe that if it has to do with our culture then inversely it pertains to love, thus as a society we are blinded by what we want to see. It is critical that one see’s the need to learn to take time and care ful thought into deciding whether or not we’re in love. Love is patient, so it’s okay to take your time to fall for someone because if it is true love than it will reveal itself in its own right. Also, the stress placed upon by people on love results in the spending of time and hours wondering if there is true love in their relationship. The impact that culture has had on the social relations of love have led to the belief that love is based off of what one can do for the other, while in its essence and purity love isn’t based on that logic andShow MoreRelatedEssay On Arranged Marriage1339 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is considered to be an institution in which people commit to spend a lifetime together. People across the world can seek love through arranged marriages or through love marriages but the concept of spending a lifetime with your companion remains the same in each. There are different customs and traditions that are followed in different societal set-ups. For instance, arranged marriages is a common practice done in Japan. Parents feel as if their child have no consent in deciding who theyRead MoreModernity And Emergence Of Modern Social Institutions Essay2237 Words   |  9 PagesModernity It is known that family as a social institution is a part of the whole society and they both related to each other so any change in one will cause impact and influence both of them. â€Å"modernity† According to Giddens, indicates to â€Å"modes of social life or organization which emerged in Europe from about the seventeenth century onwards and which subsequently became more or less worldwide in their influence† (Giddens, 1990:1). There are different explanation and interpretation of the processesRead MoreThe Importance Of Respect As A Registered Nurse2128 Words   |  9 Pagesthem their rights, place, tradition cultural structure destroyed, families have broken and left traumatised. PART B As stated by Kroff (2015), ‘Indigenous culture is based on respect, for the land and for their elders. Not showing respect is one of the biggest mistakes non-Indigenous people do when interacting with Indigenous culture’. Respect begins with the post colonial history, as the first arrival of Captain James cook to Australia in 1788, the impact of the collision of these ‘two words’Read MoreResearch Hypotheses and Empirical Strategy527 Words   |  2 Pagesof testable hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: The widespread in Kyrgyzstan marriage practices affects satisfaction of women with life as a whole as well as their satisfaction with a family life. Hypothesis 2: There exists an association between degree of freedom enjoyed by women in the process of family formation and levels of life satisfaction for women in the KR. Thus, the paper hypothesizes that marital practices has a significant impact on subjective well-being in Kyrgyzstan. The study begins by examiningRead MoreSex Education in Nigeria7622 Words   |  31 Pagessexual information about the dimensions of sexual knowledge that will enable them understand and clarify their personal values, improve their sexual knowledge and sexual decision–making and promote their knowledge about how all these interact with socio-cultural and religious factors to affect personal well-being. This set of values sexuality education was set to promote perhaps form part of the motivation for its introduction into the Nigerian educational system. However, in view of the predicament sufferedRead MoreThe Philippine Cultural Heritage3778 Words   |  16 PagesTHE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL HERITAGE OUR BEGINNINGS AS A PEOPLE Geographic and Geological Background Scientist claim that is evidence to show that about 1  ½ million years ago the Philippines was a part of the mainland of Asia. Geologists believe that during the Pleistocene Period, or Ice Age, great changes occurred, resulting in the formation of the thousands of islands composing the Philippines today. Early Man Very important to scientists is the evidence of the presence of living things in the formRead MoreThesis About Family8295 Words   |  34 PagesChapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS STUDY 1. Introduction Family is very important part of our everyday life. It helps us in improving our personality. It also helps us in shaping our life. It teaches us the value of love, affection, care, truthfulness and self-confidence and provides us tools and suggestions which are necessary to get success in life. Family is a place where you can be yourself. It is a place where you are accepted for what you are. This is where you are completely tensionRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesone of the important moments, of narration. This curious mixture of antinomy and kinship, which intuitively defines the relationship between narration and description, can be made a little clearer if one brings a third term into the system—the image. Narration and description are opposed in common to the image because their signifiers are temporalized, whereas the image s signifier is instantaneous; thus, the kinship. But within this narrative-descriptive category, which is defined by a featureRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesthat a decision in one area could and often does impact decisions in other areas. For instance, a change in the price of a product (e.g., lowering the price) could impact the distribution area (e.g., increases shipments, generates higher traffic). Additionally, options within the toolkit are affected by factors that are not controlled by the marketer. These factors include economic conditions, legal issues, technological developments, social/cultural changes, and many more. While not controllable,

Small Business and Entrepreneurship Case Study - 10134 Words

GBB 3093 Small Business and Entrepreneurship CASE STUDY SM Digital Press Stationery Sdn Bhd BY CHIN HAN SHEN 12548 MAKUACH JAMES MAKENY 11749 YUDI SETIAWAN 13500 24th APRIL 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES iii Chapter 1 introduction 1.1 SM Digital Press Stationery Sdn Bhd 1 1.2 Vision, Mission, and Values 1 1.3 Industry Analysis 2 Chapter 2 Strategic Management and Competitive Advantage 2.1 Competency, Core Competencies and Distinctive Competencies 3 2.2 Value Chain Activities 3 2.3 SWOT Analysis 5 2.4 Competitor 3†¦show more content†¦Printing and stationery industry is a rising industry especially at the area with many students and colleges. This is due to high demand in quality from the lecturers in term of the paper and assignments from the students. This business is a good start for those entrepreneurs who want to be in Small and Medium Industries (SMI). Around the area near Taman Maju and Bandar Seri Iskandar, this business has been increasing rapidly and there are almost 7 similar shops have been operating. This shows that business is suitable for the SMI. The support by the government has fed the entrepreneurial fire in the SMI. According to Mr Ho, the owner of the SM Digital Press Stationery Sdn Bhd, running a business as an entrepreneur is not easy because he faces quite some problems. The main problem will be the customer, his business is concentrated more in targeting the students and government office. Thus, he is highly dependent on the students, if there is a holidays, the business will not be really good as there are no customers. Next will be the supplier, at the early stage of the business, usually they will face problem such as debt and not enough supply due to low budget or not enough cash. Usually he will use the product from the suppliers and make the payment three months later as he needs them to continue the business. At this point, trust between you and the supplier is important so that the supplier will keepShow MoreRelatedThe Entrepreneurship and Small Business : Muji Case Study3724 Words   |  15 PagesThe entrepreneurship and small business: MUJI case study Introduction In the global business, most of popular brands have been the entrepreneurship before they success. A number of individuals, who want to invest in some business, must have the investment budget or good financial status. However, the money is not the basic factor to invest the business yet the opportunities to initiate the business are more important than investment from shareholders. For example, Mr. Mark Zuckerberg, who is theRead MoreBusiness Relationships Within A Business Network Context1231 Words   |  5 Pages1. Acs, Z.J., Morck, R.K. and Yeung, B. (2001), â€Å"Entrepreneurship, globalisation, and public policy†, Journal of International Management, 7, pp. 235-51. 2. Alvarez, S.A. Busenitz L.W., (2001) The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory. Journal of Management, 27(6), p. 755-775 3. Anderson, J., Hakansson, H. and Johanson, J. (1994). Dyadic Business Relationships within a Business Network Context. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), p.1. 4. Andersson, S. Ingemar W. (2003) Innovative InternationalisationRead MoreHow Entrepreneurship Has An Effect On The Economy Of India1557 Words   |  7 Pages In the 21st century Entrepreneurship is one of the fundamental driving variable in job development. Entrepreneurship has dependably had a variable in monetary advancement and has assisted with job creation. Be that as it may, in the present time it has quickened like never before. Entrepreneurship is favorable for the development of a country’s economic system for various reasons. Business enterprise has been surprisingly resurgent in the course of recent decades in nations that accomplished generousRead MoreBusiness Skills As Entrepreneurship Education1203 Words   |  5 Pageshave explained business skills as entrepreneurship education to empower knowledge of the entrepreneurs. This entails business management skills, business planning, financial management, awareness of legal aspects and market searching. That being the case, the skills are useful and important in developing creative thinking, negotiations, leadership (business management), exposure to technical innovation and new product development. However, the skills help to identify and exploit business opportunitiesRead MoreEntrepreneurship in Australia Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagesastonishing speed in present-day society. Business, which is divided into large, medium and small business, has become a primary symbol of the development of market economy. Entrepreneurship is defined as the process, brought about by individuals, of identifying new opportunities and converting them into marketable products or services(Schaper and Volery 2007, 4), and it is often related to small business. This essay will argue that the level of entrepreneurship in Australia is higher, compared to otherRead MoreSmall Business Management Essays1535 Words   |  7 Pagesthat a small enterprise should meet three criteria: independent (not part of a larger enterprise); managed in a personalized manner(simple management structure); relatively small share of the market(the enterprise is a price ‘taker’ rat her than price ‘maker’). There are also quantitative definition of the smaller enterprise in terms of measurement of the assets, turnover, profitability and employment from different sectors and countries (Bolton, 1971). 2 What is entrepreneurial small business ThroughoutRead MoreCan Entrepreneurship Be Taught1355 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Can we teach entrepreneurship and bring some entrepreneurial awareness and changes among individuals. Give evidence Approach in answering the Question †¢ Definition of Entrepreneurship †¢ Entrepreneurship education †¢ Approaches to teach entrepreneurship †¢ Conclusion The concept of entrepreneurship There is no universal agreed definition of entrepreneurship. However, Entrepreneurship is defined differently by different scholars. Schumpeter (1934) defines Entrepreneurship as a person’s abilityRead MoreWhat Does The Study of Regional Economy Teach Us?1436 Words   |  6 PagesWhat does the study of regional science help us understand? What are the three â€Å"building blocks† that underlie the complex patterns of location of economic activity? Should jobs move to people or should people move to jobs? Regional science is a sub field of social sciences that analyzes approaches to urban, rural, or regional problems. It involves the study of spatial patters to analyze the economic factors of a region. The study of regional science is necessary to improve the economy in todaysRead MoreEntrepreneurial Behavior and Perspective1553 Words   |  7 PagesBehavior and Perspective Material Title: Defining and Measuring Entrepreneurship Summary The reading focuses on the definition of entrepreneurship in different contexts and on measuring the level of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurship has been defined differently through neo-classical and economic literatures. Theoretical definitions of entrepreneurship reflect a diverse set of ideas about the role of entrepreneurship in the economy, involving aspects such as innovation, uncertainty-bearingRead MoreThe Impact Of Tourism On Tourism And Hospitality Business Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pagesmore than 200,000 small and medium sized enterprises (Oxford Economics, 2014). The ever increasing number of small firms in this industry draws attention to the importance of entrepreneurship in the tourism and hospitality business. Statistics show that 98.5 per cent of all hotels and restaurants in the UK employ less than 50 people (Oxford Economics, 2014). This number proves the claim long established by scholars that the tourism and hospitality industry is largely dominated by s mall to medium-sized

Credit risk management in vijaya bank free essay sample

Indian economy today is in the process of becoming a world class economy. The Indian banking industry is making great advancement in terms of quality, quantity, expansion and diversification and is keeping up with the updated technology, ability; stability and thrust of a financial system, where the commercial banks play a very important role emphasize the need of a strong effective control system with extra concern for the risk involved in the business. In the fast growing world, banks are facing many types of risks among which credit risk stands at the top of the list. One bank was chosen to understand the practices followed by them in depth. Vijaya bank is one of the public sector banks and is supposed to be in line with RBI guidelines. This helped in understanding the credit risk management practices followed by the bank in a better way. GLOBAL SCENARIO The period 2007-2012 underwent financial crisis, also known as the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), or the â€Å"Great Recession†, is considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the great depression of the 1930? . This resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national Governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. Even the housing market suffered, resulting in evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment contributing to the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of US dollars, and a significant decline in the economic activity, leading to a severe 2008-2012 global recessions. The bursting of the U. S. ousing bubble, which peaked in 2007, caused the values of securities tied to U. S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally. The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of valuation and liquidity problems in the United States banking system in 2008. Securities in stock markets suffered large losses during the 2008 and early 2009. Economies worldwide slowed down during this period, as credit tightened and international trade declined. This financial cri sis ended by around late 2008 and mid-2009. The current European sovereign debt crisis is an ongoing financial crisis that has made it difficult or impossible for some countries in the euro area to re-finance their Government debt without the assistance of third parties. From late 2009, fears of a sovereign debt crisis developed among investors as a result of the rising Government debt levels around the world together with a wave of downgrading of Government debt in some European states. Concerns intensified in early 2010 and thereafter, leading Europe? finance ministers on 9 May 2010 approved a rescue package worth â‚ ¬750 billion to ensure financial stability across Europe creating the European financial stability facility (EFSF). In October 2011 and February 2012, the Euro zone leaders agreed on more measures designed to prevent the collapse of member economies. DOMESTIC SCENARIO Indian banking industry has evolved over a long period of more than two centuries. Despite the recent growth of private banks, the sector is dominated by Government-controlled banks that hold nearly three-fourths of total banks assets. Indian banking industry is considered to be very stable with healthy balance sheets and low exposure to risky assets. The global financial crises have not affected the Indian banks significantly. Internet, wireless technology and global straight-through processing have created a paradigm shift in the banking industry. In India, the most significant achievement of the financial sector reforms is the improvement in the financial health of commercial banks in terms of capital adequacy, profitability and asset quality as well as greater attention to risk management. As now banks benchmark themselves against global standards, they have increased the disclosures and transparency in bank balance sheets, the banks also started focusing more on corporate governance. RISKS FACED IN AN ORGANIZATION Risk Management Risk is derived from the Italian word ResCare meaning â€Å"to dare†. Risk is â€Å"the probability of the unexpected happening – the probability of suffering a loss†. Risk provides the basis for opportunity. Risk is the probable variability of returns. Since it is not always possible or desirable to eliminate risk, understanding it is an important step in determining how to manage it. Identifying exposures and risks forms the basis for an appropriate financial risk management strategy. In the financial arena, enterprise risks can be broadly categorized as credit risk, market risk, operational risk, strategic risk, funding risk, political and legal risk. TYPES OF RISKS Risk faced by the bank can be segmented into three separable types from the management perspective.. †¢Risks that can be eliminated or avoided by simple business practices. Risks that can be transferred to other business participants (e. g. insurance policy) and, †¢Risks that can be actively managed at the Bank level. Risk is any real or potential event, action or omission, internal or external, which will have an adverse impact on the achievement of bank’s defined objectives. It is inherent in every business. Risk cannot be totally eliminated but is to be managed. Risks are to be categorized as high risk, medium risk and low risk and managed. Risks can be classified into three categories: †¢Credit risk †¢Market risk (interest rate risk, liquidity risk) †¢Operational risk CREDIT RISK Credit risk is the â€Å"possibility of loss from a credit transaction†. In a bank’s portfolio, losses stem from outright default due to inability or unwillingness of a customer or counterparty to meet commitments in relation to lending, trading, settlement and other financial transactions. Credit risk emanates from bank? s dealings with individuals, corporate, bank, financial institution or a sovereign. Credit risk includes the following: †¢Credit growth in the organisation and composition of the credit folio in terms of sectors, centres, and size of borrowing activities so as to assess he extent of credit concentration. Credit quality in terms of standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss-making assets. †¢Extent of the provisions made towards poor quality credits. †¢Volume of off-balance-sheet exposures having a bearing on the credit portfolio. MARKET RISK Market risk is the possibility of loss to a bank caused by changes in the market variables. Market risk is the risk to the banks earnings and capital due to changes in the market level of interest rates or prices of securities, foreign exchange and equities, as well as the volatilities of those prices. Operational risk is the â€Å"risk of direct or indirect loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, and systems or from external events†. RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS The word â€Å"process† connotes a continuing activity or function towards a particular result. The process is the vehicle to implement an organisation’s risk principles and policies, aided by organisational structure. In general, the process can be summarised as follows: †¢Risk identification. †¢Risk measurement. †¢Risk monitoring. †¢Risk control. VIJAYA BANK INTRODUCTION Vijaya Bank is a nationalized scheduled commercial bank. The bank celebrated its platinum jubilee last financial year as it was established in 1931. The bank was nationalized on 15. 4. 1980 under the banking companies (Acquisition Transfer undertakings) Act, 1980 and Nationalized banks (Management Miscellaneous Provisions) Scheme 1980. The bank is also governed by the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and is engaged in various businesses as fully defined under Section 6 of the said Act. Presently the Govt. Of India’s share in the Bank’s equity works out to 53. 87%. The bank is managed by a duly constituted Board of directors. The present strength of Board of directors of the bank is 12, comprising of 2 executive and 10 non-executive directors having expertise in various fields. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE The organisational structure of the bank consists of three tiers viz. , Head office, Regional offices and branches. The Head office is in Bangalore. The bank has 20 regional offices to exercise immediate supervision and control over the branches under their jurisdiction. All regional offices are headed by experienced executives in senior/top management grade. Further, as the extended wings of the central inspection department, the bank has set up 9 regional inspectorates. HISTORY Vijaya Bank was founded on 23rd October 1931 by late Shri Attavara Balakrishna Shetty and other enterprising farmers in Mangalore, Karnataka. The objective of the founders was essentially to promote banking habit, thrift and entrepreneurship among the farming community of Dakshina Kannada District in Karnataka State. The bank became a scheduled bank in 1958. Vijaya Bank steadily grew into a large All India Bank, with 9 smaller banks merging with it during the 1963-68. The credit for this merger as well as growth goes to late Shri M. Sunder Ram Shetty, who was then the Chief Executive of the bank. The bank was nationalised on 15th April 1980. The bank has built a network of 1250 branches, 48 extension counters and 663 ATMs as at 31. 10. 2011, that span all 28 states and 4 union territories in the country. FOUNDING PRINCIPLE To promote banking habit, thrift and entrepreneurship among the farming community of Dakshina Kannada District in Karnataka state. CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN VIJAYA BANK The bank’s net profit has seen a growth of 234% and the total business is up by 16%. The banks deposits are up by 13% and gross advances are up by 19%. The credit risk exposure is increased to 80064. 90 as of Sep, 30 2011. The credit risk of the bank has decreased over the past five years. They have installed an integrated risk management system in line with BASEL II norms and RBI guidelines. They follow strict hedging policies to reduce credit risk of the bank. They take financial collaterals and guarantees to hedge their credit risk. Hence all the policies and strategies have led to a sound credit risk management system. The bank has put in place a robust risk management architecture with due focus not only on capital optimisation, but also on profit maximization, i. e. to do maximum business out of the available capital which in turn maximize profit or return on equity. In capital planning process, the bank reviews: †¢Current capital requirement of the bank †¢The targeted and sustainable capital in terms of business strategy and risk appetite. Capital need and capital optimization are monitored periodically by the CapitalPlanning Committee comprising Top Executives. Sensitivity analysis is conducted quarterly on the movement of Capital Adequacy Ratio, considering the projected growth in advances, investments in Subsidiaries/ Joint Ventures and the impact of Basel II framework etc. The Committee takes into consideration various options available for capital augmentation in tune with business growth and realignment of Capital structure duly undertaking the scenario analysis for capital optimization. CRAR of the Bank is projected to be well above the 12% in the medium term horizon of 3 years, as prescribed in the ICAPP Policy. The Bank’s policies maintain moderation in risk appetite and a healthy balance between risk and return in a prudent manner. The primary risk management goals are to maximize value for share holders within acceptable parameters and to the requirements of regulatory authorities, depositors and other stakeholders. The guiding principles in risk management of the Bank comprise of Compliance with regulatory and legal requirements, achieving a balance between risk and return, ensuring independence of risk functions, and aligning risk management and business objectives. The Credit Risk Management process of the Bank is driven by a strong organizational culture and sound operating procedures, involving corporate values, attitudes, competencies, employment of business intelligence tools, internal control culture, effective internal reporting and contingency planning. The overall objectives of the Bank? s Credit Risk Management are to: †¢Ensure credit growth, both qualitatively and quantitatively that would be sectorally balanced, diversified with optimum dispersal of risk. †¢Ensure adherence to the regulatory prudential norms on exposures and portfolios. Adequately enable to price various risks in the credit exposure. Form part of an integrated system of risk management encompassing identification, measurement, monitoring and control. POLICIES, STRATEGIES AND PROCESSES The Board of directors and Risk management Committee of the Board gives directions, the Credit Risk management committee headed by Chairman and Managing Director ensures its implementation. The bank has defined policy guidelines for Credit Risk Management, Collateral Management and Credit Risk Mitigation (CRM), Ratings, etc. The bank has taken up implementation of Integrated Risk Management system through six solutions for Credit Risk Rating, Credit Risk, Market Risk, Operational Risk, and ALM FTP to move towards advanced BASEL II norms. The Income recognition and Asset classification norms of Banks? policy are in tune with RBI guidelines. Ninety days delinquency norm is followed to classify assets as performing non-performing. The data is audited and adequate provisions for both performing and non-performing assets are made. For restructured assets additional provision is made and the bank also has a general floating provision. CREDIT RISK MITIGATION †¢The general principles, like having a specific lien, requisite minimum margin stipulation, valuation, legal certainty, documentation, periodical inspection, easy liquidity etc. as enumerated in BASEL II final guidelines of RBI has been used for credit risk mitigation techniques. †¢All the prescribed haircuts with adjustments for currency mismatch and maturity mismatch are done. †¢The financial collaterals are netted out of the credit exposure before assigning the risk weights. The effect of credit risk mitigation system is not double counted. The financial collaterals taken include: 1. Bank’s own term deposits . Cash margin 3. Life policies 4. NSCs 5. KVPs 6. Gold benchmarked at 99. 99 purity For each separate credit risk portfolio, the total exposure covered by eligible financial collateral after the application of haircuts is shown in the Table below: Credit Risk Exposure Exposure CRM (fin. Collaterals)Net exposure Loans and advances54303. 652659. 09 51644. 56 Non fund based5261. 22 767. 564493. 66 Investment 20500. 03 0. 0020500. 03 Total80064. 90 3426. 6576638. 25 CREDIT RATING FRAMEWORK Credit Rating Framework (CRF) is one of the risk measurement techniques the banks use to a great extent under risk management system. This is used primarily to standardize and uniformly communicate the judgment in credit selection procedure and not as a substitute to the vast lending experience accumulated by the Bank’s professional staff. CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AT VIJAYA BANK As per RBI guidelines on Integrated Risk Management of Banks, all exposures across the Bank have to be risk rated. In this regard, IBM-BCS, Bank appointed Consultants recommended the following in respect of Credit Risk Management Framework for the Bank. SANCTIONING POWER DETAILS OF EXPOSURES COVEREDRATING MODEL DGM AND ABOVE Typically large value xposures (i. e. , above Rs. 200 lakhs)CRISIL? Risk Assessment Model CM/DM AND AGM Typically medium sized exposures (i. e. , above Rs. 30 lakhs)Manual Rating Model BRANCH POWER ACCOUNT Typically small value exposuresPortfolio Model Approach PROCESSES AND PRACTICES OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT †¢The bank has understood the need for credit risk management as described by RBI. †¢They have identified the types of risks and are disclosed in the BASEL II disclosures every quarter appropriately in the banks website. †¢Credit risk faced by the bank is properly identified which includes the following: 1. The gross credit risk exposure has grown to Rs. 80064. 90 crore as of 30. 9. 2011 which is a 29% increase from the previous year that is 30. 9. 2010. 2. Credit quality has is standard due to their sound credit risk management system. 3. They have made sufficient provisions for NPAs, NPIs and depreciation. 4. Volume of off-balance sheet exposures for both financial collateral and guarantee covered credit portfolio together is Rs. 136281. 33 crore as of 30. 9. 2011 as against Rs. 101320. 2 crore as of 30. 9. 2010. †¢The bank decides on how much risk to take based on their risk appetite. The bank’s risk management policy is fine tuned to include credit appraisal standard like benchmark/hurdle ratios on key financial indicators, internal ceilings, prudential norms, etc. besides covering exposure ceiling for sensitive sectors such as capital market, real estate and commodity sector. †¢The credit risk exposure for the last five years is shown in the figure below: Figure: Credit risk exposure of the bank for the last five years (Source: Balance sheet of Vijaya bank CREDIT RISK MITIGATION †¢Based on the policies strategies are developed by the bank to mitigate credit risk. Credit risk is mitigated by appropriate credit appraisal systems before lending and proper collateral or guarantees are taken to hedge the risk. †¢Integrated risk management system is put in place for better management of credit risk and a risk rating software is installed which is developed by CRISIL in compliance with RBI guidelines. †¢The risk management function is reviewe d periodically usually every quarter. †¢The rating system for term loans is annual. †¢The risk weights of the bank’s products are shown in the figure below: Figure: Risk weights of the bank’s products (Source: Vijaya bank website) FINDINGS The bank has a documented credit risk management policy. †¢The bank uses credit rating system to assess credit risk as a part of loan lending mechanism. †¢They use standardised approach for credit risk measurement currently and are fine tuning to upgrade to advanced approaches as per RBI guidelines. †¢They have implemented an integrated risk management system as per RBI guidelines †¢They mitigate credit risk exposure through diversification, collaterals and guarantees. †¢The credit risk exposure of the bank has decreased considerably in the last five years indicating a sound risk management policy. The risk weights associated with the banks? products are in line with RBI guidelines. †¢They have regular trainings for their credit risk management teams on the policies and guidelines. They rely on ratings provided by CRISIL/CARE/ICRA as per RBI guidelines. RECOMMENDATIONS They can invest in securitisation as securitisation exposures are nil. †¢They have to start preparing for BASEL III norms which might come into effect in the near future. †¢They can further decrease their credit risk exposures with better credit risk management policies and advanced approaches as per RBI guidelines. Bank should include credit risk component in yearly forecast based on multiple market scenarios CONCLUSION The bank follows a sound credit risk management and credit risk mitigation policy which is proven by the decreasing credit risk exposure of the bank for the past five years. The bank has adhered to RBI guidelines and implemented BASEL II norms and an integrated risk management system and risk rating software. The credit risk policies and strategies of the bank have improved over years and the bank is in a better position.  The study shows that compliance with BASEL II norms helps the banks to improve their profitability through better credit risk management systems.

Understanding the nature of motivation

Abstract The paper dwells on motivation for addiction. A literature review reveals that most people will be inclined towards drug taking because of environmental factors like availability, genetic predispositions, developmental factors such as adolescence, personality components such as prevalence of psychotic traits like impulsivity, adaptations of the neurobiological system and its mechanisms as well.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Understanding the nature of motivation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Adaptations occur when conditioning of the external stimuli arises. The gap in literature review found that most papers did not link motivation for drug use with preventive outcomes. A multimodal approach to drug treatment and prevention has been proposed so as to offer more successful and accurate drug programs. Introduction Addiction is defined as the propensity to indulge in strange and even destructive behavior; addicts will often lack the ability to control their habit and may continue to indulge in it even with external intervention. Several studies have been carried out in the field of drug addiction to find out what motivates users to continue taking drugs. A literature review in this area reveals that almost all motivation falls in these six categories: genetic, environmental, neurobiological mechanisms, neurobiological adaptation, personality and developmental factors. Most studies tend to focus on assessment of one or more of these factors but very few have found a way of relating these motivations to prevention and treatment programs thus minimizing the usefulness of their researches. The present study will look at current findings in the field of addiction motivation and will eventually provide recommendations on how these findings can be translated into tangible prevention outcomes. In other words, the main purpose of this research is to suggest a multi – modal ap proach that will link motivation for drug taking to tangible prevention outcomes. Experimental evidence Most analyses focus on collection of literature, analysis of drug addicts or experimentation with lab animals in order to unravel the nature of addiction. Crowley (1972) carried out a comprehensive study of addiction through the use of secondary literature and theoretical frameworks.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He found that drug reinforcers can either be primary or secondary in that they either cause the effect of the drug directly or they lead to an effect that comes to be associated with the drug. Secondary reinforcers may either be positive or negative. He suggested that a negative secondary reinforcement was one that was learned or conditioned. In other words, if an addict experienced his or her first withdrawal effects in his parent’s house then chances are th at the person would get the same feelings in his parent’s house even if he was not going through a withdrawal and this is called negative secondary reinforcement. Alternatively, conditioning or secondary reinforcement may also be positive in that it can be associated with particular peers. Although Crowley (1972) called these conditional motivators secondary reinforcement, other researchers have given them a more scientific name known as neurobiological adaptation. Examples here include Volkow Wise (2005) Robbins and Everitt (1999). These authors explained that decisions to take drugs were associated with the concept of reward and motivation. In other words, the neurobilogical system through a neurotransmitter known as dopamine has the capacity to create a positive reinforcement in the drug addict. Evidence of this assertion was confirmed by Robbins and Everitt (1999) who studied behavior in rats and found that they would self administer drugs using a level system if dopami ne was active and when the neurotransmitter was inactivated, no self administration of cocaine would take place. Usually, that part of the brain is responsible for learned responses such as memory. Consequently, it can be said that the drug seeker is looking for the same reward that the drug accords him or her and this leads him to continual use. Conditioned stimuli (situations that are associated with drug taking that produce desirable outcomes but are not from the drug itself) have the capacity to cause relapses because they activate the dopamine neurological system. These researches have therefore illustrated that neurobiological adaptation is another important motivation for drug use It should be noted that neural biological adaptations are different from neurobiological mechanisms as another motivation for drug use. Neurobiological mechanisms basically refer to alterations in the biology of the drug user upon consumption. When drugs get into the system, they trigger a certain s ection of the brain which is responsible for stimulation and this leads to the development of a pleasurable feeling. In other words, this is the reward that many drug seekers tend to look for.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Understanding the nature of motivation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Robbins and Everitt (1999) explain that drugs often create neural side effects that lead the addict to action every time they require it. This was the primary positive reinforcement that Crowley (1972) was talking about. A certain sensation causes most of these drug takers to move from one component to the other. Environmental factors are also an important motivation for drug use and relapse for those who are abstaining from the habit. Siege et. al. (2000) explain that increase in drug taking is associated with the continual availability of drugs. This explains why use of certain hard drugs is common in the ghettos. This was affirmed through self administration of drugs by rats. Stress also makes drug users susceptible to drug use. Baker et. al (2004) explain that most drug addicts tend to avoid stressful states and this implies that environmental factors are a case of negative reinforcement. Goeders (2004) adds that stress causes addiction because it reminds a section of the brain called the HPT that the drugs can avert the negative feelings. Consequently, a drug user who had gone through prolonged periods of abstinence may relapse when too much stress occurs. Developmental factors also make drug users predisposed to the use of drugs. It has been shown that drug use often begins at the adolescent age. Volkow and Wise (2005) affirm that changes in delayed developments of a certain section of the brain known as the prefrontal context leads to greater risk taking behavior. Adolescents have not yet developed this part of the brain so most may be impulsive or maybe likely to get involved in drugs without really thinking about the long term consequences of it. Lastly, Eysenk (1999) illustrated that there is a relationship between the personality of an individual and that person’s propensity for drugs. It has been illustrated that drugs do play a resource function. In other words, if an individual has a certain personality deficiency such as too much introversion, then that person is likely to seek out drugs which will cause him to be more talkative and uninhibited. Personality also acts as a motivator owing to the prevalence of psychotic functions of the addict. Eysenk (1999) carried out an analysis of various individuals and found that most users tended to be impulsive, impersonal, aggressive, cold and egocentric. These were all behavior traits synonymous to the psychotic personality so this is an important motivator. Genetic predispositions also lead to drug use as asserted by Nestler (2000) who found that particular variations in rats tend to affect susceptibility t o drugs thus showing that genes had a mediating effect. Nonetheless, the particular genes were not found as a complex combination of them could lead to vulnerability to addiction.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Implications of the experimental evidence The revelation that drug use is associated with developmental factors illustrates that adolescents can be specifically targeted during preventive measures since they are likely to begin drug taking without thinking about the consequences. The findings that neurobiological mechanisms lead to the start and continual use of drugs imply that a substitute for similar responses maybe used in earlier phases of drug treatment. Also, findings that link drug use to environmental factors like stress imply that dealing with stress can be an effective way of curbing this. Personality factors imply that certain individuals just tend to be more impulsive. This component can be used in treatment programs by providing immediate rewards as it would resonate with the drug user. Conditioned behavior therefore illustrates that there are indeed certain triggers which can be eradicated during treatment. Limitations of the findings Most of the researches did not li nk their findings to practical implications. In other words, few tangible solutions were given to the use of these motivators as preventative or treatment techniques. Essentially, most of the studies were inquiring about drug motivation but they did not offer answers to this pressing problem. Future directions In the future, it will be appropriate to link these motivational factors to treatment or preventive outcomes. A multimodal approach would be the best bet because not only would it ensure that drug treatments are patient centered but it would also increase the accuracy of interventions because specific motivators or reinforcers will be neutralized. For instance, if it has been found that personality was one of the motivators of drug use through impulsivity then short term rewards can be introduced into the program. Also, if availability of drugs is found to be the problem then patients may either be removed from their environments or closely monitored through peer groups. Concl usion It has been found that motivation for drug use can be subdivided into six sections which include genetic predisposition, developmental factors, neurobiological mechanisms, neurobiological adaptations, personality and environmental factors. Most of the literature has not linked these findings to treatment programs to be used by drug users yet problems tend to be solved only after relating them to their initial causes. All or any of these factors may have led a person to addiction so treatment methods need to relate to those motivations (no matter how many they are). This piece therefore suggests future research in the development of multimodal approaches to drug treatment and prevention depending on the risk factors and the motivations for drug use. References Baker, T., Piper, M., McCarthy, D., Fire, M. Majeskie, M. (2004). Addiction motivation reformulated: an affective processing model of negative reinforcement. Psychological review, 111(1), 33-51 Chambers, A., Taylor, J., Potenza, M. (2003). Developmental neurocircuitry of motivation in adolescence: a critical period of addiction vulnerability. American Journal of psychiatry, 160, 1041-152 Crowley, T. (1972). The reinforcers for drug abuse: why people take drugs. Comprehensive psychiatry, 13(1), 51-63 Eysenck, H. (1997). Addiction, personality and motivation. Human psychopharmacology, 12,S79-87 Goeders, N. (2004). Stress, motivation and drug addiction. Current directions in psychological science, 13(1), 33-36 Nestler, E. (2000). Genes and addiction. Nature, 26, 277-282 Robbins, T. Everitt, B. (1999). Drug addiction: bad habits add up. Nature, 398(15), 567-601 Serge, A., Walker, J., Koob., G. (2000). Heroin in rats with a history of drug escalation. Neuropychopharmacology, 22(10), 413-421 Volkow, N. Wise, R. (2005). How can drug addiction help us understand obesity? Nature Neuroscience, 8(5), 555-561 This term paper on Understanding the nature of motivation was written and submitted by user Aleena U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay Examples on Child labor Essay Example

Essay Examples on Child labor Paper 1st Essay Sample on child labor Child Labor is a term used to represent the employment of minors in work that may interfere with their education, or endanger their health. Throughout the ages and in all cultures children joined with their parents to work in the fields, in the marketplace, and around the home as soon as they were old enough to perform simple tasks. The use of child labor was not regarded a social problem until the introduction of the factory system during the industrial revolution.Villages had grown into towns and cities. Factory profits had boosted the economy, and more food was available. The population was growing as a result of better health care and nutrition. The Revolutionfirst took advantage of Britain’s largest industry, textiles. In the 1600’s, cotton cloth imported from India became popular. British merchants organized a cotton industry for themselves. They developed a pulling out system in which raw cotton was brought to peasant families who then spun it into cloth. Skilled artisans then finished and dyed the cloth. Under the pulling out system, production was very slow. As the demand for cloth grew, inventors came up with ways to make the cotton industry more efficient. In 1764, James Hargraves invented a spinning jenny that spun many threads ata time. A few years later, Richard Arkwright invented the water frame whichused waterpower than spun cloth even faster, the new machines put an end to the pulling out system. They were costly, and too large to fit inside peasants home. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Child labor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Child labor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Child labor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instead, factures built long sheds near fast moving streams to power the machines. Later, machines were powered by steam engines. Spinners andweavers came to work everyday in the factories. The revolution brought rapidurbanization. The great demand for factory workers grew as more factories were built. Small villages turned into cities practically overnight. 2nd Essay Sample on child labor By definition, child labor is described as any economic exploitation or work that is likely to be hazardous, or interferes with the childs education, or is harmful to the childs health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral, or social development.Although this is clearly stated in Article 32 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, whichwas started by UN in the 1920’s, it is often ignored in the developing world where child labor has become a growing issue. The United Nations, aware of the undesirable situation with child laborers, has devised several methods in effort to stop this problem.These methods include monetary aid to and education for children in developing nations, but so far it has only scratched the surface of this complex problem.Since so many children find themselves in this situation, UNICEF, an organization working under the UN, realizes that it will take time for the problem to be solved. However, with approximately 250 million children working worldwide , something must be done. Afirst step for worldwide awareness is for people to realize that most child labor doesn;t take place in old, run-down factories, but in unregulated parts of the economy such as agriculture and domestic services. Surprising to most, even countries such as the United States still have their share of problems.In a recent â€Å"awareness swap† between American and Bangladesh children, both groups experienced the sight of little kids laboring in sweatshops.Although the UN wants to help, it is somewhat limited in its abilities to make dramatic changes.If it puts legal restrictions, such as trade sanctions against imports from countries using child labor, that could actually bring more harm to the children than good.UNICEF has recently decided that in order to combat this problem, education is the key.

Robert Frost The Road Not Taken Essays

Robert Frost The Road Not Taken Essays Robert Frost The Road Not Taken Paper Robert Frost The Road Not Taken Paper 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 3 Nov. 2011. Frost, Robert. The Road Not Taken. Backpack Literature: And introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. Kennedy, X. J. , Dana Gioia. New Jersey: Pearson, 2011. 555-556.

Managing People For A Competitive Advantage Essay

Managing People For A Competitive Advantage - Essay Example The strategies and the philosophies developed by the HR department drives an organization in the right path. Placing the right person, at the right place, at the right time, is always beneficial to the organization. HRM has two important functions; one with respect to the organizational needs and the other related to the employee needs. In other words, HR department acts as the bridge between the organization and the employees. Since the needs of the organization and the needs of the employees are mostly different, conflicts between the organization and the employees can take place any time. Under such circumstances, the HRM department is responsible for find out amicable solutions without sacrificing the needs of the organization or the employees. â€Å"Without inspiration the best powers of the mind remain dormant, they is a fuel in us which needs to be ignited with sparks† (Von Herder). Motivation is accepted as the driving force behind every human action and the basic func tion of every first line supervisors or managers is to motivate the workforce properly to accomplish the organizational goals. ... Cooperation between these departments is necessary for achieving the final goal. It is the duty of the first line supervisors to control the functions properly so that the organizational interests will never be sacrificed. Planning is another major function of the first line supervisors. Whatever the schedule given to a particular department should be completed in time and for that purpose the first line supervisors need to plan the work. The HR managers are responsible for ensuring that all the HR policies and practices are implemented within the organization. The HR policies and strategies are normally formulated by the top management team. Once all these policies are formulated it is the responsibility of the HR managers to ensure that these policies were implemented correctly. For example, the top management team normally makes policies with respect to employee annual leave, sick leave, casual leave etc. The top management will decide how many leaves can be given to the employees in a particular year. Once all the norms about the leave were fixed, it the duty of the HR managers to ensure that these norms were implemented successfully. Many parameters can affect the employee performances in an organization. The work culture, motivation, management style, remuneration etc are some of the major factors which may affect the employee performances. However, the mangers and the HR department have major roles in deriving maximum productivity out of the workers. HR department should appoint right people at the right place at the right time. It is difficult to anticipate better performance from an employee, if the HR department ask him to complete a job which is out of his expertise. For example, it is difficult for a software specialist to

Judicial Style in Ukraine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Judicial Style in Ukraine - Essay Example The legitimate Court of Ukraine is the merely organization of legitimate authority in Ukraine. The Ukraine encompasses a judicial structure which consists of the Supreme Court, regional courts in addition to district (town) courts. The Legitimate Court of Ukraine is a particular body with power to review whether lawmaking proceeds of the Parliament, President, Filing cabinet or Crimean Legislative body are in line up with the Structure of Ukraine. This Court as well provides interpretation to guaranteed standard of the Constitution or laws of Ukraine. The Criminal System of Ukraine records the sort of criminal retribution accessible. Punishments are able to be classifying into fundamental and complementary, depending on their technique and the method in which they are allocate. For model, necessary punishments are those which are allocate as identity-sufficient and cannot be dispense as a complement to added punishments. Fundamental punishments contain: custody (imprisonment), correctional works devoid of custody, deprivation of the exact to dwell in convinced place or to execute confident actions, fines, and community criticize. Complementary punishments are those which are able to be allocate simply as a complement to an essential punishment. Fundamental punishments contain: custody (imprisonment), correctional works devoid of custody, deprivation of the exact to dwell in convinced place or to execute confident actions, fines, and community criticize. Complementary punishments are those which are able to be allocate simply as a complement to an essential punishment. They comprise: elimination; the removal of armed or particular rank; or elimination of parental privileges. Decease penalty:

Natural And Human Sciences. Biological and Social Theories of Essay

Natural And Human Sciences. Biological and Social Theories of Evolution - Essay Example â€Å"A theory is an explanation or model based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning, especially one that has been tested and confirmed as a general principle helping to explain and predict natural phenomena.† (Quoted in fsteiger.com) Theories are articulated and modified for the exploration of facts and realities on the foundation of deep observation, adequate evidence and critical examination of the available information. â€Å"The vehicle of all understanding†, Turner submits, â€Å"in science is theory. Theory is a way of answering the questions.† (2006, p. 2) Hence, theories establish principles and laws and add to the knowledge of scholars, intellectuals, philosophers and the masses as well regarding multiple disciplines and issues at large. Thus, theories are equally important in natural and social sciences for the establishment of various concepts and parameters in the light of which further developments are made in some specific field of knowle dge. Though both natural and human sciences consist of theories, yet difference in both these sciences can also be witnessed in their theoretical frameworks. Pure or natural sciences concentrate upon examination of natural, organic, inorganic, physical and nonhuman laws, rules and aspects related to the earth and universe. On the other hand, social or human sciences study the existing social, cultural, religious and psychological phenomena on scientific grounds. Physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, engineering, aeronautical science and pharmacy etc come under the definition of natural sciences, while sociology, theology, economics, history, psychology, philosophy and others are called human sciences. Though natural and human sciences appear to be entirely different from one another, yet they maintain many similarities and commonalities between them; almost same is the case with the theoretical frameworks related to both these forms of science. The similarities between the nature and scope of pure and human sciences can be analyzed as under: Biological and Social Theories of Evolution: Evolution theory enjoys a very important status in pure and social sciences. Though experiments had been made several times in past in respect of discovering the origin of humans and other living creatures, yet it was Charles Darwin who first time presented a comprehensive evolution theory on the basis of his in-depth research on fossil remains and living things including humans, fauna and flora in order to make a decisive conclusion regarding human evolution. Darwin has articulated his concept of natural selection in his world famous work On the Origin of Species, where he submits to state that it is the rule of nature that only the fittest and most suitable living creatures survive and multiply; the rest of the creatures start weakening, and eventually perish away with the passage of time. Hence, Darwin is of the opinion that those creatures and living things that have the a bility to adapt themselves according to the always changing natural and physical condition, survive and reproduce. On the other hand, the living things that either lack adaptability or sufficient strength necessary to defeat the external threats and impediments, are sure to expire, and thus lose the signs of their existence even. Darwin has submitted that the process of natural selection is the foundation of evolution of human generations. â€Å"As natural selection acts solely by the preservation of profitable modifications, each new form will tend in a fully stocked country to take the place of, and finally to exterminate its own less improved parent-form and other less favored forms, with which it comes into competition.† (1872, p.159) Darwin vehemently argues in favor of the notion natural

Strategic Positioning of Hilton Hotel Groups in the UK

Strategic Positioning of Hilton Hotel Groups in the UK Strategic Positioning of Hilton Hotel groups in the hospitality industry in UK? Back Ground Study: Hotels and their branding strategies are famous all over the world. If we look around us we can see that the success of a hotel is in its brand emphasis. To stay in business and to beat the competition around them, all hotel groups engage in brand implementation. The logo itself would stand out on its own, from the minute a customer enters a hotel, they will be centred on the brand image starting from napkins, towels, spoons, etc. A trend in todays hospitality industry is the interest to cater to different market segments under one brand name. To achieve this many big reputed hotels, acquire or enter into some alliance with smaller hotels and provide them with the main hotel logo, brand name and similar facilities/services. Thus making it a part of the main hotel brand. Since more and more hotels are moving ahead with this same kind of strategy there is an enormous competition in this sector at present. To focus in depth on this matter I have decided in taking Hilton Hotels Corporation as a case study. This hotel group is one of the leading names in the global hospitality sector, with more than 2,800 hotels and 490,000 rooms in more than 80 countries, including 150,000 team members worldwide. The company owns, manages or franchises a hotel portfolio of some of the best known and highly regarded brands, including Hilton, Conrad, Doubletree, Embassy Suites Hotels, Hampton Inn, Hampton Inn Suites, Hilton Garden Inn, Hilton Grand Vacations, Homewood Suites by Hilton, and The Waldorf=Astoria Collection. There are may other international hotel chains like, Marriot, Holiday Inn, Intercontinental and Radisson which are as competitive as Hilton and are following the path of global branding, but they are only very new entrants in this field. To portray a global image and enhance a world over brand large investments are required. Government policies, economical changes, political issues like September 11th have affected the Hotel industry world wide during recent times. Making this kind of a huge investment is very risking for hotels until their long term objectives show profits. During the years Hilton Hotel as a corporate has been able to create a brand for itself in this competitive lodging industry, proving their capabilities by continuously portraying increase in its revenue every year, by diversifying its products and acquiring other valuable hotels to add to it corporate chain. Hilton as a corporate has been able to cater to the needs of different types of guests. Based on needs of the customers they are able to providing the required facilities and services. Thus being able to keep up its own brand movement and also create publicity in all segments of the market needs. Acquiring hotels which are based overseas has also enabled the company to expand its operations and serve its clientele. To validate my assumptions and to clear my doubts, I have tried engaging in a journal article Brand Equity, Brand Preference and Purchase Intent (Cathy J. Cobb- Walgren, 1995). Here I intend to demonstrate how branding can help a hotel be well renowned and at the same time be able to cater to all segments. Research Question: How does a traditional luxury hotel group react strategically to the incoming global pressure from niche brands? (Case Study Hilton International) Research Objective: Main objective of this research will be to identify the current market positioning of the hotel groups, taking Hilton as a case study, to find out how the each hotel chains competes each other in a global market. I will compare brand segmentation and competitive advantage and brand value different hotel chains. Research Methodology I will compare the performance of Hilton Hotel in each of the areas of its operations (Customer satisfaction, Competitiveness, Productivity, Profitability) against other major players in the market .To find out the core competencies of the company it is also required to do a SWOT analysis. This analysis would help in focusing on the companys strength, weakness, opportunities and threat, which would help in achieving an internal picture of Hilton as a whole. It would be beneficial using Porters five competitive forces (Micheal Porter 1980) to find out Hiltons external opportunities and threats. I will be interviewing General Managers to understand the current market trends and companys main objectives and plans for the future. It is essential to use Hilton as a case study to evaluate how hotels interested in the branding concept operate world over. Due to the above mentioned (Background) specialities in Hilton Hotels Corporation it will be much helpful to take it as a case study to understand; what are the integrities in undergoing brand diversification with in the industry. Time Scale: June 5 to June 20 : Review books and any literature related to the matter June 9th : 1st Meeting with the supervisor June 22nd to June 29th : Prepare a research strategy and review main literature June 30th to July 3rd: Meeting with Hotel Managers to conduct interviews July 4th to July 10th : Putting the data together and analysising it. July 11th to July 23rd : Reviewing Hilton data as a case study and linking it with the theoretical literature July 24th to August 2nd : Preparing the SWOT analysis to find out the core capabilities of Hilton August 3rd to August 15th: Preparing for Potters five forces to get a track of Hiltons external opportunities and threats August 16th to August 24th: Formulating the first draft together August 25th to September 1st: Completing the Project Resources: The expenses occurred while travelling to take interviews will be bared by myself. I do have access on the intranet of Hilton since I have been previously for this company. I have also access to the Leeds University library and Hotel and catering international Management Association (HCIMA) to help me in the review of literature. References http://hiltonworldwide1.hilton.com/en_US/ww/business.do http://hiltonworldwide1.hilton.com Cathy J. Cobb-Walgren, Cynthia A. Ruble, Naveen Donthu; 1995. Brand Equity, Brand Preference and Purchase Intent. Journal of Advertising [online], 24(3), [Accessed 19th April 2008], p.25-44. Available from World Wide Web : Potters Five Forces (Micheal Porter 1980).

Julius Caesar Essay

He says â€Å"If then that friend demand why Brutes rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. † (Ill. Ii. 2022). Brutes here says that he did not kill Caesar because he did not like him, but he put Rome before Caesar in importance and thus killed Caesar for the better of Or me. Another example is â€Å"Had you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves, than that Ca sear were dead, to live all free men? â€Å"(all. Ii. 2324).Even though nobody was a slave when Caesar w as alive, Brutes takes extra precaution because what he said could have happened so Brutes decided to kill Caesar in order for the of Rome to remain free, which tells readers that Brut s did not kill out of jealousy or for power but to make Rome the best it can be. The last example t hat supports Disraeli quote is â€Å"†¦ As I slew my best lover for the good of Rome, I have the s name dagger for myself, when it shall please my country to need my death. â€Å"(all. Ii. 4547).Based on the quote, Brutes is saying that he will kill himself when he finds it necessary for Rome if he becomes the same as Caesar. Career's rule or power also supports Disraeli quote because whatever Cases does, it is mostly for the good of the common people or the plebeians. Antonym reads his will and says, â€Å"To every Roman Citizen he gives / To every several men, seventies drachmas. â€Å"(ill. Iii. 243244). Caesar would not have done this if he was truly corrupt,Caesar did this â€Å"to sec urea the social welfare of the People. He cares about Rome than anything else and always SST rived to make the citizens, especially the lower or poor class, happier and better people. Another r example in which it again came from the will read by Mark Antonym says, â€Å"Moreover, he hath left o all his walks / His private arbors, and new planted orchards/ On this side Tiber; he hath left them you / And to your heirs forever: common pleasures / To walk abroad and recreate yourselves(all. Iii. 49253). And Mark Antonym ends with, â€Å"Here was a Caesar! When comes such another? † (Ill. Iii. 254). Caesar in the eyes of everybody was a great ruler and was a very honorable man. Going back to the will, Caesar leaves all his luxuries to the common people for them to enjoy y, and that right their is a ruler who truly cared about his people and uses his power for the be term of Rome. Lastly, the conspirators actions in killing Caesar support Disraeli quote.All the conspirators want to kill Caesar for the good of Rome, and Cassias wanted pep arsenal power not because of jealousy, but because everybody thought Cassias very lowly com eared to Caesar as described in this quote, â€Å"†¦ Did the tired Caesar. And this man Is now become a god, and Cassias is A wretched creature, and must blend his body If Caesar carelessly b UT nod on 1511 8). Cassias got no respect in saving Caesar from drowning in t he river, everybody looked dow n upon him like he was worth nothing.All the other co inspiration were friends with Caesar until Cassias convinced them to take sides with him and b reek away from Caesar. When Brutes joined, they decided how to kill Caesar and Cassias prop used to kill Mark Antonym but Brutes being the good man he was said to Cassias it would be too bloody because he wants the citizens to look upon them as honorable people, not murderers an d traitors. After Brute's speech, all the plebeians said â€Å"Live, Brutes! Live, Live! â€Å"(all. Ii. 49).If the c moon people thought Brutes killed Caesar out of pure greed and jealousy, than the people would probably not have spared Brutes but the people are convinced that Brutes kill ‘s Caesar not because of hatred but for the better of Rome. In conclusion, Benjamin Disraeli quote,†Power has only one duty secure the e social welfare of the People. † was supported by Brute's Justification in killing Cases r, Career's rule and will, and t he conspirators. True leaders and truly great men use power to truly do good things rather than taking advantage of it and becoming corrupt. Julius Caesar Essay

The Role of Stakeholders

Role of Stakeholder MGT/ 420 November 1, 2012 Roger Ellis Role of Stakeholder Quality management is an approach to managing a business that focuses not only on customers and profits, but also takes into consideration anyone who can influence the business to be more profitable. These might include employees, suppliers, investors, market analysts, government regulators and trade associations. These entities need to have a positive working relationship with one another and collaborate with each other to promote the business.Lack of collaboration between them can cause issues with the success of the business itself (Susienes & Vanegas, 2005). Quality management considers the actions of stakeholders to be very important in the overall success of the operation. R. Edward Freeman defines a stakeholder as â€Å"anyone that can be affected by a company’s actions, objectives, and policies. This includes both internal stakeholders, such as employees and managers, and external stakeholde rs, such as shareholders, suppliers, customers, surrounding communities, creditors, the government† (DowellDoGood, 2012).Stakeholders Stakeholders can be divided in two groups: internal stakeholders and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders are the employees, from the upper managers to the production workers – anyone who works in the company and is a part of the business structure of the company itself. Internal stakeholders are also customers, suppliers, and shareholders. All of these groups make a difference in the growth of the company. Balancing these relationships that provide satisfaction in the long run is the focus of quality management structure.Employees need satisfaction with fair salaries ad benefits packages, customers need quality products and fair prices, suppliers need the opportunity to sell and make a profit, and, finally, shareholders want a return on their investments. Organizing meetings, communicating through E-mail, letters, and seeking con sensus on decisions made to facilitate each group’s needs, enable the business to have a common goal and smooth all internal and external conflicts. External stakeholders are the community, the government, business associations and political groups.All of these groups can have a strong influence on a business, regulating policies, laws and influencing customers to buy a product or service. Also, they can influence shareholders to be investors in the business, making a difference in the value of the company itself (Susienes & Vanegas, 2005). Two Examples The Department of Health and Human Services provides regulations to govern care in hospitals, medical centers, etc. The stakeholders in this organization are: patients, providers, payers, and public health professionals. The patients’ interest is to be provided with excellent care.FACCT (Foundation for Accountability) is an entity that addresses health care needs for the patient, and it is founded and lead by patients. IOM (Institute of Medicine) is a corporation that regulates the care delivered by providers. Medicare and Medicaid have programs that help patients to receive care and providers to be paid in order to continue operations. In addition, the National Committee of Quality Assurance and National Quality Forum assist in developing programs to improve health care, along with public health professionals who provide support by suggesting policies to improve care (HRSA, 2012).Another example of stakeholders being very proactive and an integrant part of an organization is the Watershed issue in the United States. Natural resource organizations for all the states involve stakeholders as their staff and to foster support in the community. Stakeholders include local organizations tired of being inactive when their water reserves in the city are being contaminated or ruined by discharge from farms or wastewater treatment plants. Other stakeholders are national environmental groups that support the organization by traveling around the States and motivating people to support their cause.Another organization of stakeholders is the business community – helping to save the environment by changing business operations to be environmentally safe and preserve water waste. Stakeholders also include government agencies which work as partners to preserve the watershed (Tonning & MacPherson, 2010). Conclusion Quality Management includes stakeholders in its structure as a vital element in the success of the business or organization that they are a part of.Stakeholders are any person or group who can aid or are a part of the organization with the purpose of bringing greater success to the business. Quality Management utilizes both external and internal resources as stakeholders to ensure that their organization has the necessary support and aid, which would cost more money and time if these resources were purchased outright. Instead, due to the common interest in making the organiza tion or business successful, this support is giving freely and with enthusiasm.This kind of help is priceless, considering the ramifications of knowledge and networking that it can bring to an organization. Involving stakeholders is brilliant and very useful.References Definition of Shareholders & Stakeholders. (2012). Do Well Do Good. Retrieved from http://dowelldogood. net/? p=545 HRSA U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2012). What are the roles of key stakeholders in QI? Retrieved from http://www. hrsa. gov/healthit/toolbox/HealthITAdoptiontoolbox/QualityImprovement/whatarerolesofkeystkholders. tml Susniene, D. , & Vanagas, P. (2005). ISSN 1392-2785 Engineering Economics2005. No 4 (44) Commerce of Engineering Decision- Integration of Total quality management into Stakeholders management Policy and Harmonization of their Interests. Retrieved from http://internet. ktu. lt/lt/mokslas/zurnalai/inzeko/44/1392-2758-2005-4-44-71. pdf Tonning, B. , & MacPherson, C. (2012). G etting in Step: Engaging and Involving Stakeholders in Waterwaste. Retrieved from http://cfpub. epa. gov/npstbx/files/stakeholderguide. pdf

Turning Spanish Adjectives Into Nouns

Turning Spanish Adjectives Into Nouns In Spanish, almost any descriptive adjective (and a few others) can be used to function as a noun by preceding it with a definite article such as el or las. Typically, adjectives made into nouns are the equivalent of the English ____ one or ____ person as in the following examples: azul (blue), el azul, la azul (the blue one)pobre (poor), los pobres (the poor people)nuevo (new), el nuevo, la nueva (the new one)mexicano (Mexican), el mexicano, la mexicana (the Mexican) The gender and number will depend on whats being referred to:  ¿Quà © casa prefieres? - La blanca. (Which house do you prefer? The white one.)Habà ­a muchas fresas. Comprà © las ms frescas. (There were many strawberries. I bought the freshest ones.)Habà ­a muchos pltanos. Comprà © los ms frescos. (There were many bananas. I bought the freshest ones.) Sometimes, nouns made from adjectives take on meanings of their own, at least in certain contexts. The definitions below arent the only ones possible: roto (torn), el roto (the tear)mal (bad), el mal (evil, wrongful act, sickness)perdido (lost), el perdido, la perdida (the reprobate, the lost soul)decolorante (causing something to lose its color), el decolorante (bleach)semejante (similar), los semejantes (fellow human beings) The adjective-turned-noun is in the neuter gender when the adjective is turned into an abstract noun or when the adjective-turned-noun is not referring to a specific person or thing. The singular neuter definite article is lo; in plural, the neuter is the same form as the masculine, with a definite article of los. Such neuter nouns are translated in a variety of ways, depending on the context: Fuera lo viejo, venga lo nuevo. (Out with the old, in with the new.)Lo importante es que tenemos la oportunidad. (The important thing is that we have the opportunity.)Los interesantes son los intangibles. (What are interesting are the intangibles. Here, the English seemed less awkward when the first phrase was translated as an adjective.)Te regalo lo tuyo. (I am giving you whats yours.) Sample Sentences Los ricos no piden permiso. (The rich dont ask for permission. The sentence is the name of a former Argentine television show.) Uno de los cnceres ms comunes en los hombres es el cncer de prà ³stata. Los agresivos pueden requerir cirugà ­as. (One of the most common cancers in men is prostate cancer. The aggressive ones can require surgery.) Dos tercios de los analfabetos del mundo son mujeres. (Two-thirds of the worlds illiterate are women.) Los baratos cuestan 6 euros. (The cheap ones cost 6 euros.) No todas las bellas pueden ser modelos. (Not all beautiful women can be models. Depending on the context, this also could refer to girls. If bellos had been used, it could have referred to men only or to both men and women.) Los sacerdotes catà ³licos romanos no son los à ºnicos que pueden hacer exorcismos. (Roman Catholic priests arent the only ones who can do exorcisms.) Los fritos fueron el artà ­culo comprado con mayor frecuencia. (The fried ones were the article most often purchased.) Los enfermos andaban por las calles. (The sick people walked through the streets.)

How Michael Phelps Body Type Made Him a Strong Swimmer

How Michael Phelps Body Type Made Him a Strong Swimmer When you look at Michael Phelps body, its easy to see some of the features that made the lanky guy with the long arms and big feet the most accomplished Olympic swimmer in history. But how exactly did all those parts work together? Phelps retired from competitive swimming in 2016 after winning five gold medals and a silver medal in the Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. Hes the most decorated competitive swimmer in history, having won eight Olympic gold medals in 2008 and four gold and two silver medals in 2012. Hes known as an intense competitor who practiced tirelessly to be in top form for Olympic competition. But he had more than a few physical advantages over fellow swimmers. Simply put, Phelps has the anthropometrics of the perfect swimmer. From head to toe, his body type and proportions are uniquely suited for swimming with both speed and endurance. Phelps Is Tall With a Huge Wingspan First, hes tall, but not too tall. At 6 4 Phelps probably would be about average for a professional basketball player, but as a swimmer, his height (or more accurately, his length) gives him enough glide in the water to provide a little extra forward momentum. Next, his arm span (or wingspan as some call it) of 6 7 is exceptionally wide even for a man of his height. His arms act almost like oars on a rowboat, giving him incredible pulling power in the water. His wingspan is a big reason for Phelps success with the butterfly stroke, which relies heavily on the upper arms and back to push and pull a swimmer through the water. Then theres his unusually long upper body, roughly the length one would expect to see on a man who is 6 8 tall. His long, thin and triangle-shaped torso helps him with his reach, especially on strokes like the butterfly and the freestyle. His torso is more hydrodynamic than the average swimmers, meaning its able to move through the water with less drag. But Phelps Short Legs Are Perfect Too Phelps lower half is hydrodynamic too. But while his arms give him an advantage by being longer, his legs give him an extra kick (literally) by being a little shorter than one would expect for a guy of his size. Phelps legs, which are roughly those of a man about 6 tall, help with kicks and give him more power in turns at the wall, where crucial seconds can be lost or won during competitions. We havent even factored in Phelps enormous hands and flipper-like size 14 feet. Both let him push and pull more water than other swimmers, adding to his overall speed.   Phelps Body Is Double-Jointed If all that isnt enough, Phelps also is double-jointed. He doesnt have extra joints as the term implies, but his joints have more mobility than average. Most swimmers - and some dancers- work hard to stretch their joints to make themselves more agile, which in turn makes performance easier. With his more flexible joints, Phelps can whip his arms, legs, and feet through a greater range of motion than most swimmers. Phelps Produces Less Lactic Acid But Phelps unique build isnt his only advantage in competitive swimming. Most athletes need recovery time after exerting themselves because the body produces lactic acid, causing muscle fatigue. Phelps body produces less lactic acid than the average person, so he has a much faster recovery time. In the Olympics, being able to bounce back quickly and compete again are distinct advantages for any athlete. When you add up all the parts, its easy to see what makes Phelps the perfect swimmer. Its amazing to consider that someone so well-built for the sport managed to find his way into swimming, but not at all surprising that Phelps was as good as he was.

Hospitality Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hospitality Law - Essay Example The rights would cease if there are reasons to believe that the guest room could be used as a security threat venue. In such case, the hotel management can breach this policy and allow the third party’s accessed after proper confirmation (Jeffries 103-107). Confirmation could be in a form of ex parte, a judicial proceeding obtained granted at the persistence of and for the advantage of individual party only, and with no need of the other partys attendance. The other reason is a search warrant. An order in formal forms in reference to the state; authorized or authenticated by a magistrate and specified to a peace officer instructing him to search for personal possessions and take it to the magistrate (Jeffries 103-107). In a nutshell, the privacy right of a guest can be breached by hotel management if there is suspicion or proof of security threat. The second review question seeks to assess the relevance of Campbell v. Womack in hotel guest’s right of privacy. The hotel had an obligation, an affirmative duty, supported by a â€Å"guest’s rights of privacy and peaceful possession of the room† (Jeffries 103-107). policy that gave them mandate not to permit unauthorized and unregistered individuals to gain access to the guestrooms of its guests (Jeffries 103-107).. The affirmative duty refers to the obligation or duty of making verification, in the initial instance, of issues alleged or in the appealing of the court; the duty to maintain the need for proof. The right of a hotel to prohibit unauthorized or unregistered guests was established even in the scenario of an unregistered wife. In this scenario, a husband acquired a guestroom on a monthly basis (Jeffries 103-107). When the spouse, a frequent guest, asked for a key, she was denied since she was not listed with the hotel. The Louisiana Court of Appeals confirmed that the restaurant was under

Sensory Perceptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Sensory Perceptions - Essay Example Placing ones hand on fire, the sense of feel will detect the temperature and pass the information to the brain, which perceives it as hot. This causes immediate withdrawal of the hand, preventing injury. Likewise, after placing food in the mouth, the tongue’s sense of taste will detect and send a message of the food’s taste to the brain, which will perceive it as either pleasant tasting and palatable or not. One can then proceed to eat or not. Taking an example of how to cross the road, the sense of sight helps in judging distance or depth. Through the eyes, the sense of sight of an oncoming vehicle is sent to the brain, which then determines whether it is far enough for safe crossing or too close to let it pass, keeping one out of risk of being hit.   Factors that contribute to the accuracy of sensory information include repeatability and memory (Turnbull et al, 1995). In the example of placing ones hand on fire, the sense of simply seeing does not perceive it as hot. However, continuously placing the hand on fire and finding it to be hot conditions the brain to memorize that fire is always hot, and touching eventually becomes unnecessary for the brain to perceive the fire as hot. There is also the use of tried and accepted methodologies that comply with the principles of the scientific community (Turnbull et al, 1995). With regards to sensory perceptions, nature may be viewed as a person’s natural instincts and genetic structure (Tierney et al, 1995). Nurture can be termed as the environmental factors that influence and shape a person’s behavior. They include teaching and parenting styles and one’s social, cultural and economic background. Both nature and nurture have an impact on an individual’s sensory perception. Studies have shown that, in a nurturing environment, children gain knowledge of objects through their experiences with their mothers (Tierney et

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Statement Example nd respected Business Schools in the United Kingdom, the International reputation of the department of Marketing, Advertising and Public Relations has attracted many local and international students, and I believe the institution will definitely offer one of the most intellectually stimulating environments to pursue my career goals. My interest in the study areas of marketing, public relations and advertisement was first aroused during shortly after I began my undergraduate studies in humanities foundation (Sociology, Media & Computer Information Technology) at Bellerby College, Oxford. Undertaking this course has not only enabled me to establish a solid theoretical foundation in communications and media but has also enhanced my quantitative as well as interpersonal skills. In addition, my preference for communication and sociology makes me to find public relations to be an instrumental field to my dream career of being a Communications and Media Manager in a well established organization. I am particularly enthusiastic to learn about how different business enterprises embrace varied social media utilities to remain relevant in face of the rapidly evolving marketing conditions. Besides, I want to learn about how a business’ responsiveness to social issues that unravel during its course of operation can impact the achievement of the overall strategic goals. I have also developed deep insights into ways of conceptualizing and developing creative communication actions for both advertisement and public relations. I posses exemplary skills in communication and media, which have been helpful in letting me tailor adverts in a way that suits the target group. Besides, I am proficient in matching different types of social media utilities with given audience in varied advertising contexts and marketing endeavors. In integrating these efforts into public relations, I believe that I will be better positioned to build cross-functional groups that are capable of executing

Human resource management activities in healthcare Essay Example for Free

Human resource management activities in healthcare Essay There are many external and internal factors that might affect the health care organizations; however they are more likely to be affected by external forces that in turn affect their daily operations. Some of the factors that affect the human resource department of a healthcare organization are mentioned below. †¢ Economic factors †¢ Social and cultural changes †¢ Technological changes †¢ Legal changes HR planning and analysis Premeditated planning is a procedure that allows the health care associations to direct their future actions utilizing the resources that are accessible to them while keeping in mind the goals of the organization. There are some internal and external strength that have to be taken care of by the association and then a SWOT Analysis should be carried out. Some of the advantages of Human Resource planning are that it permits effectual use of workers and assists to replace the significant vacancies that have to be filled. Furthermore, planning suggests realistic recruitment projections, facilitates the staffing resources to be utilized more proficiently and efficiently and it also allows a improved focused investment in training and retraining, growth, career counseling and efficiency enrichment and also assists to uphold as well as to get better the level of variety. Human Resource planning is a very fundamental part of premeditated planning in addition to strategic HR planning, it assists to examine and classify the need for and accessibility of HR so that the association can meet its goals. Pynes, 2004). Projections aids in appraising the current condition and to estimate future demand and affairs by looking at the history trends of the association and is significant for the associations in a way that it assists to predict the retirement plans of the staff whereas the demand estimate helps to foresee the labor force that would be required in the future. EEO compliance EEO stands for equal employment opportunity and this expression was shaped by President Lyndon B.  Johnson when he marked Executive Order 11246 on September 24, 1965, formed to forbid federal contractors from discerning against workers on the grounds of race, sex, creed, belief, color, or nationality. Recently most managers have also added sexual compass reading to the directory of non-discrimination. The Executive Order as well required contractors to put into practice affirmative achievement plans to augment the contribution of minorities and females in the place of work. Pursuant to federal policy, affirmative achievement plans must comprise of an equivalent opportunity plan statement, an examination of the existing work force, recognition of problem areas, the establishment of objectives and schedules for mounting employment prospects, definite action-oriented plans to tackle problem areas, support for society action plans and the establishment of an internal audit and reporting structure. (EEOC, n. d. ). The reason why employment opportunity equal is important is because it is morally a right way to conduct oneself in the workplace, moreover it also helps in making the business prosper. The way that I move toward civil rights laws and employment civil rights laws, is I in fact think that they are all connected, they are all civil rights laws, anti-discrimination laws in the place of work, whether anti-discrimination on the grounds of race, sex, disability, age, creed or nationality they are all entrenched in the similar bedrock standard and i. e. , that individuals should be judged in the place of work, based upon their capability to carry out the job and not based upon the threats, myths and typecast that one may have because of their race, or gender, or disability, or age, belief or nationality. That is in fact the unifying feature of all of the regulations in which the EEOC puts into practice and imposes, I think that is really significant that is both rising out of my own personal understanding and what I feel is right; that people should be judged based upon their ability to do the job and thats really the very simple core of what we do. And if you sort of take that notion, that principle, one step further, or take it one step, it makes business better. To the extent that youre making employment decisions in the workplace, whether they be on the basis of hiring somebody for a job or promoting somebody for a job, or treating somebody on the job, you ground those workplace decisions in the ability of that individual to do the job, rather than on a stereotype, or a fear, or a myth, because that person is from a different race than you, or a different religion, or looks different, or is older, or doesnt walk, or moves around or communicates in a different way from you. If you base those workplace decisions, upon the ability of that individual to do the job, you will get the most qualified person. You wont let internal biases, or fears, or myths, or stereotypes get in the way of selecting the best qualified person. Therefore I think, it is in best interest of the business to strip away those typecasts, those threats and those myths, in order to obtain the best competent person, because then company will really be improved. The Quotations page, n. d. ). Other considerations Some of the other considerations the human resource management in the health care organizations has to take care of are staffing, development of employees, compensation, health, safety and employee and maintaining labor management relation. Staffing The HR department must ensure that a fair selection policy is being used when hiring a candidate and everyone should be given an equal opportunity. Moreover, the job should be made available for every person who has the potential to do it and for this both internal and external recruitment should be opted for. Other than this, it is also essential to provide clear job criteria for the vacancies that are being announced by the human resource department of a healthcare organization. Full supervision must be done to ensure that the right candidate has been hired after which training should be provided to him. (Shi, 2006). Development of employees Health care organizations should invest in training to augment individual performance and organizational productivity, moreover it should also focus on developing management skills/development and supervisory skills, technical skills and communication skills and provide training to the employees who are new in the organization especially the ones who are working or are hired for lower-level positions in order to augment their performance. Compensation This comprises the wages and bonuses, vacation payment, sick leave payments, recompense of the staff and insurance policies, etc. , it is HR Department that is in command to expand and to direct the benefits compensation structure for the workers that serve as an incentive to promise the staffing. Their objective does not just come to an end after staffing but they also have to work on retaining workers and make them stay on with the organization. Once the employee is hired, it is the duty of the benefits coordinator to explain the benefits and the incentives the employee can expect from the organization so that the employee is aware about it in the beginning and he does not get discouraged later onwards. Health and safety It is essential for the organization to ensure safety of employees at the workplace and the health care organizations must their employees’ health and medical benefits and the employees should be given free medical services. Employee management relation and Labor management relation It is essential for the HRM at the healthcare organization to avoid any kind of discrimination in context with the age, gender, race or religion of an employee and it is basically the duty of the HR department to take care of this so that fair treatment is given to each and every person. Moreover, the HR department must also provide the assistance of negotiation in case any issues arise between the employees working at any level in the organization in order to ensure a healthy work environment. In the same way, the HR department also has to manage the labor and have good terms with them as well. (Leat, 2001).